[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":323},["ShallowReactive",2],{"place-en-rome":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"coordinates":6,"count":9,"poster":10,"description":11,"titles":12,"events":284,"nearby":294},"rome","Rome",[7,8],12.4815,41.8962,8,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Frome-open-city-1945.webp","Mussolini ruled Italy from the Palazzo Venezia after the March on Rome in 1922 and staged Hitler's state visit in May 1938. After his fall on 25 July 1943, German troops occupied the city in September. A partisan attack in Via Rasella on 23 March 1944 was followed the next day by the Ardeatine Caves massacre of 335 people. The US Fifth Army liberated Rome on 4 June 1944.",[13,51,102,131,161,188,212,253],{"id":14,"kind":15,"title":16,"year":17,"era":18,"gold":19,"theaters":20,"tags":22,"period":25,"poster":10,"synopsis":28,"stops":29,"here":42},"rome-open-city-1945","film","Rome, Open City",1945,"ww2",true,[21],"mediterranean",[23,24],"resistance","true-story",{"start":26,"end":27},"1944-03","1944-04","In German-occupied Rome, a Resistance leader on the run turns to a widow about to marry, her fiancé and a parish priest, while the Gestapo tightens its net around the working-class neighbourhood that hides him.",[30,36],{"place":4,"name":31,"coordinates":32,"date":26,"kind":35,"primary":19},"Prenestino district, Rome",[33,34],12.5381,41.8852,"city",{"place":4,"name":37,"coordinates":38,"date":26,"kind":41},"Gestapo headquarters, Rome",[39,40],12.4828,41.8931,"camp",[43,47],{"place":4,"name":31,"coordinates":44,"date":26,"kind":35,"primary":19,"story":45,"history":46},[33,34],"In a crowded working-class block, Manfredi hides with Pina and Francesco while the SS raid the building and round up the men.","SS and fascist police carried out mass round-ups of men in Rome's eastern working-class districts in early 1944.",{"place":4,"name":37,"coordinates":48,"date":26,"kind":41,"story":49,"history":50},[39,40],"Betrayed, Manfredi and Don Pietro are brought before Major Bergmann, who tries to break them before morning.","Hundreds of partisans passed through the SS prison in Via Tasso, today the Museum of the Liberation of Rome.",{"id":52,"kind":15,"title":53,"year":54,"era":18,"gold":55,"theaters":56,"tags":57,"period":59,"poster":62,"synopsis":63,"stops":64,"here":97},"paisan-1946","Paisan",1946,false,[21],[58,23],"combat",{"start":60,"end":61},"1943-07","1944-12","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fpaisan-1946.webp","Six episodes follow the Allied advance up Italy, from Sicily to the Po delta, through brief encounters between American soldiers and Italians who often cannot understand each other's language.",[65,72,79,82,90],{"place":66,"name":67,"coordinates":68,"date":60,"kind":71},"sicily","South coast of Sicily",[69,70],14.25,37.0667,"landing",{"place":73,"name":74,"coordinates":75,"date":78,"kind":35},"naples","Naples",[76,77],14.2486,40.8358,"1943-10",{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":80,"date":81,"kind":35},[39,40],"1944-06",{"place":83,"name":84,"coordinates":85,"date":88,"kind":89,"primary":19},"florence","Florence, Ponte Vecchio",[86,87],11.2532,43.768,"1944-08","battle",{"place":91,"name":92,"coordinates":93,"date":61,"kind":96},"po-delta","Po delta, near Porto Tolle",[94,95],12.3167,44.95,"front",[98],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":99,"date":81,"kind":35,"story":100,"history":101},[39,40],"A GI who fell for a girl on liberation day meets her again months later without recognising what the city has made of her.","The US Fifth Army entered Rome on 4 June 1944, two days before D-Day in Normandy.",{"id":103,"kind":15,"title":104,"year":105,"era":18,"gold":55,"theaters":106,"tags":107,"period":109,"poster":110,"synopsis":111,"stops":112,"here":126},"two-women-1960","Two Women",1960,[21],[108],"home-front",{"start":60,"end":81},"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Ftwo-women-1960.webp","To escape the bombing of Rome, widowed shopkeeper Cesira takes her twelve-year-old daughter back to her native mountains of Ciociaria, where they wait out the war among refugees, Germans and approaching Allied armies.",[113,119],{"place":4,"name":114,"coordinates":115,"date":60,"kind":118},"San Lorenzo, Rome",[116,117],12.5157,41.8971,"home",{"place":120,"name":121,"coordinates":122,"date":125,"kind":118,"primary":19},"fondi","Mountains above Fondi, Ciociaria",[123,124],13.4167,41.35,"1944-05",[127],{"place":4,"name":114,"coordinates":128,"date":60,"kind":118,"story":129,"history":130},[116,117],"After the air raids, Cesira leaves her shop in a neighbour's hands and boards a crowded train south with Rosetta.","The raid of 19 July 1943 on the San Lorenzo rail yards devastated the surrounding working-class district.",{"id":132,"kind":15,"title":133,"year":134,"era":18,"gold":55,"theaters":135,"tags":136,"period":137,"poster":139,"synopsis":140,"stops":141,"here":156},"anzio-1968","Anzio",1968,[21],[58],{"start":138,"end":81},"1944-01","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fanzio-1968.webp","A war correspondent lands with the Allies behind the German lines south of Rome, finds the road to the capital open, and watches a cautious command waste the chance while a band of Rangers fights its way back from disaster.",[142,148,154],{"place":143,"name":144,"coordinates":145,"date":138,"kind":71,"primary":19},"anzio","Anzio beachhead",[146,147],12.6283,41.4472,{"place":149,"name":150,"coordinates":151,"date":138,"kind":89},"cisterna","Cisterna, south of Rome",[152,153],12.8306,41.5889,{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":155,"date":81,"kind":35},[39,40],[157],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":158,"date":81,"kind":35,"story":159,"history":160},[39,40],"Months after the landing, the Allied columns finally roll toward the city that seemed within reach on the first day.","US troops entered Rome on 4 June 1944, four and a half months after the Anzio landing.",{"id":162,"kind":15,"title":163,"year":164,"era":18,"gold":55,"theaters":165,"tags":166,"period":169,"poster":171,"synopsis":172,"stops":173,"here":183},"catch-22-1970","Catch-22",1970,[21],[167,168],"air","comedy",{"start":170,"end":170},"1944","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fcatch-22-1970.webp","Bombardier Yossarian wants only to survive the war, but every time he nears the required number of missions his colonel raises it, and the rule called Catch-22 makes sure no sane man can ever be grounded.",[174,181],{"place":175,"name":176,"coordinates":177,"date":170,"kind":180,"primary":19},"pianosa","Pianosa, Tuscan Archipelago",[178,179],10.0833,42.5833,"base",{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":182,"date":170,"kind":35},[39,40],[184],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":185,"date":170,"kind":35,"story":186,"history":187},[39,40],"On leave in liberated Rome, Yossarian searches the ruined streets and brothels for a missing girl and sees the war's cruelty up close.","After June 1944 Rome became the main leave city for Allied troops in Italy.",{"id":189,"kind":15,"title":190,"year":191,"era":192,"gold":55,"theaters":193,"tags":194,"period":197,"poster":199,"synopsis":200,"stops":201,"here":207},"a-special-day-1977","A Special Day",1977,"interwar",[21],[195,108,196],"politics","romance",{"start":198,"end":198},"1938-05","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fa-special-day-1977.webp","On the day Hitler parades through Rome, an exhausted housewife and the lonely neighbour across the courtyard are left alone in their empty apartment block.",[202],{"place":4,"name":203,"coordinates":204,"date":198,"kind":118,"primary":19},"Palazzo Federici, Rome",[205,206],12.5205,41.9193,[208],{"place":4,"name":203,"coordinates":209,"date":198,"kind":118,"primary":19,"story":210,"history":211},[205,206],"While her husband and six children march off to cheer Hitler, Antonietta chases an escaped bird into the flat of Gabriele, a radio announcer fired by the regime.","Built in the 1930s, the huge Palazzo Federici on Viale XXI Aprile is where the film was shot and set.",{"id":213,"kind":15,"title":214,"year":215,"era":192,"gold":55,"theaters":216,"tags":217,"period":219,"poster":222,"synopsis":223,"stops":224,"here":248},"lion-of-the-desert-1981","Lion of the Desert",1981,[21],[23,58,218,24],"biography",{"start":220,"end":221},"1929","1931-09","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Flion-of-the-desert-1981.webp","An elderly Quran teacher leads Bedouin horsemen against Mussolini's tanks and aircraft, while a ruthless general is sent to end twenty years of Libyan resistance.",[225,228,235,242],{"place":4,"name":226,"coordinates":227,"date":220,"kind":35},"Palazzo Venezia, Rome",[7,8],{"place":229,"name":230,"coordinates":231,"date":234,"kind":180},"benghazi","Benghazi",[232,233],20.0667,32.1167,"1930",{"place":236,"name":237,"coordinates":238,"date":241,"kind":96,"primary":19},"jebel-akhdar","Jebel Akhdar",[239,240],21.4728,32.5977,"1930-06",{"place":243,"name":244,"coordinates":245,"date":221,"kind":41},"suluq","Suluq",[246,247],20.2503,31.6686,[249],{"place":4,"name":226,"coordinates":250,"date":220,"kind":35,"story":251,"history":252},[7,8],"Furious at his generals' failures, Mussolini sends his toughest commander to finish the war in Libya.","Mussolini governed from the Palazzo Venezia and in 1930 named Rodolfo Graziani vice-governor of Cyrenaica.",{"id":254,"kind":255,"title":163,"year":256,"endYear":256,"era":18,"gold":55,"theaters":257,"tags":258,"period":259,"poster":260,"synopsis":261,"stops":262,"here":279},"catch-22-2019","series",2019,[21],[167,168],{"start":170,"end":170},"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fcatch-22-2019.webp","A six-part retelling of Joseph Heller's novel follows bombardier Yossarian from training to an island air base, where every attempt to stop flying runs into the same absurd rule.",[263,265,271,277],{"place":175,"name":176,"coordinates":264,"date":170,"kind":180,"primary":19},[178,179],{"place":266,"name":267,"coordinates":268,"date":170,"kind":35},"palermo","Palermo, Sicily",[269,270],13.3613,38.1157,{"place":272,"name":273,"coordinates":274,"date":170,"kind":35},"malta","Valletta, Malta",[275,276],14.5125,35.8978,{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":278,"date":170,"kind":35},[39,40],[280],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":281,"date":170,"kind":35,"story":282,"history":283},[39,40],"On leave in Rome, Yossarian tries to deliver sad news to a girl's family and runs into the ugliest side of his own comrades.","Liberated in June 1944, Rome was the main leave destination for Allied airmen in Italy.",[285],{"id":286,"date":287,"endDate":288,"era":192,"category":195,"title":289,"summary":290,"coordinates":291,"place":292,"wikipedia":293},"march-on-rome","1922-10-28","1922-10-31","March on Rome","Thousands of Blackshirts converged on Rome, and King Victor Emmanuel III chose to appoint Benito Mussolini prime minister instead of resisting. Within a few years Mussolini had turned Italy into a Fascist dictatorship.",[39,40],"Rome, Italy","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMarch_on_Rome",[295,302,306,309,315,319],{"id":296,"name":297,"coordinates":298,"count":301},"monte-cassino","Monte Cassino",[299,300],13.8139,41.49,3,{"id":73,"name":74,"coordinates":303,"count":304,"poster":305},[76,77],2,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fdas-boot-2018.webp",{"id":175,"name":307,"coordinates":308,"count":304,"poster":171},"Pianosa",[178,179],{"id":83,"name":310,"coordinates":311,"count":304,"poster":314},"Florence",[312,313],11.3,43.8,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-english-patient-1996.webp",{"id":266,"name":316,"coordinates":317,"count":304,"poster":318},"Palermo",[269,270],"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fpatton-1970.webp",{"id":320,"name":321,"coordinates":322,"count":304,"poster":318},"gela","Gela",[69,70],1791831607273]