[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":401},["ShallowReactive",2],{"place-en-north-atlantic":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"coordinates":6,"count":9,"poster":10,"description":11,"titles":12,"events":365,"nearby":366},"north-atlantic","North Atlantic",[7,8],-30,52,9,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-world-at-war-1973.webp","The Battle of the Atlantic, fought from 1939 to 1945, pitted German U-boat wolf packs against the convoys that kept Britain supplied from North America. Thousands of merchant ships were sunk, many in the mid-ocean air gap beyond the reach of land-based aircraft. Long-range Liberators, escort carriers, radar and broken Enigma traffic closed that gap in spring 1943, when 41 U-boats were lost in 'Black May' alone.",[13,94,138,171,201,241,262,288,341],{"id":14,"kind":15,"title":16,"year":17,"endYear":18,"era":19,"gold":20,"theaters":21,"tags":28,"period":30,"poster":10,"synopsis":33,"stops":34,"here":89},"the-world-at-war-1973","series","The World at War",1973,1974,"ww2",true,[22,23,24,25,26,27],"western-europe","eastern-europe","atlantic","mediterranean","pacific","asia",[29],"documentary",{"start":31,"end":32},"1933","1945-08","Across 26 episodes narrated by Laurence Olivier, the whole Second World War is told through archive film and the testimony of those who lived it, from Hitler's rise to the atomic bomb.",[35,42,49,53,61,68,76,83],{"place":36,"name":37,"coordinates":38,"date":31,"kind":41},"berlin","Berlin",[39,40],13.3833,52.5167,"city",{"place":43,"name":44,"coordinates":45,"date":48,"kind":41,"primary":20},"london","London",[46,47],-0.1276,51.5072,"1940-09",{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":50,"date":51,"kind":52},[7,8],"1941","sea",{"place":54,"name":55,"coordinates":56,"date":59,"kind":60},"pearl-harbor","Pearl Harbor",[57,58],-157.9536,21.3619,"1941-12","battle",{"place":62,"name":63,"coordinates":64,"date":67,"kind":60},"stalingrad","Stalingrad",[65,66],44.5147,48.7086,"1942-11",{"place":69,"name":70,"coordinates":71,"date":74,"kind":75},"auschwitz","Auschwitz",[72,73],19.1783,50.0358,"1944-05","camp",{"place":77,"name":78,"coordinates":79,"date":82,"kind":41},"oradour-sur-glane","Oradour-sur-Glane",[80,81],1.0317,45.9319,"1944-06",{"place":84,"name":85,"coordinates":86,"date":32,"kind":41},"hiroshima","Hiroshima",[87,88],132.4519,34.3914,[90],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":91,"date":51,"kind":52,"story":92,"history":93},[7,8],"Convoy sailors and U-boat men recall the long battle for the sea lanes that kept Britain alive.","About 3,500 Allied merchant ships and 783 U-boats were sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic.",{"id":95,"kind":96,"title":97,"year":98,"era":19,"gold":20,"theaters":99,"tags":100,"period":103,"poster":105,"synopsis":106,"stops":107,"here":133},"das-boot-1981","film","Das Boot",1981,[24],[101,102],"naval","combat",{"start":104,"end":59},"1941-10","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fdas-boot-1981.webp","In autumn 1941 a war correspondent sails from occupied France aboard U-96 and shares the boredom, filth and terror of a patrol that takes the crew from the North Atlantic to the Strait of Gibraltar.",[108,115,121,127],{"place":109,"name":110,"coordinates":111,"date":104,"kind":114},"la-rochelle","La Rochelle",[112,113],-1.1514,46.1594,"base",{"place":4,"name":116,"coordinates":117,"date":120,"kind":52,"primary":20},"North Atlantic convoy routes",[118,119],-20,53,"1941-11",{"place":122,"name":123,"coordinates":124,"date":59,"kind":114},"vigo","Vigo harbour",[125,126],-8.7267,42.2358,{"place":128,"name":129,"coordinates":130,"date":59,"kind":52},"strait-of-gibraltar","Strait of Gibraltar",[131,132],-5.5161,35.9739,[134],{"place":4,"name":116,"coordinates":135,"date":120,"kind":52,"primary":20,"story":136,"history":137},[118,119],"Weeks of storms and empty sea end when the boat finds a convoy, attacks and must endure hours of depth charges from the escorts.","In late 1941 stronger escorts and code-breaking made convoy attacks far more dangerous for U-boats than in 1940.",{"id":139,"kind":96,"title":140,"year":141,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":143,"tags":144,"period":145,"poster":147,"synopsis":148,"stops":149,"here":166},"action-in-the-north-atlantic-1943","Action in the North Atlantic",1943,false,[24],[101,102],{"start":146,"end":146},"1942","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Faction-in-the-north-atlantic-1943.webp","After their tanker is torpedoed, the officers and crew of the US Merchant Marine go back to sea on a new Liberty ship in a convoy carrying war supplies to Murmansk.",[150,154,160],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":151,"date":146,"kind":52},[152,153],-40,45,{"place":155,"name":156,"coordinates":157,"date":146,"kind":52,"primary":20},"arctic-convoy-route","Arctic convoy route",[158,159],15,73.5,{"place":161,"name":162,"coordinates":163,"date":146,"kind":41},"murmansk","Murmansk",[164,165],33.0833,68.9667,[167],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":168,"date":146,"kind":52,"story":169,"history":170},[152,153],"The tanker Northern Star is torpedoed, and her survivors spend eleven days adrift on a raft after the U-boat rams their lifeboat.","In the first half of 1942 U-boats sank hundreds of Allied tankers and freighters in the western Atlantic.",{"id":172,"kind":96,"title":173,"year":174,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":175,"tags":176,"period":177,"poster":180,"synopsis":181,"stops":182,"here":196},"the-cruel-sea-1953","The Cruel Sea",1953,[24],[101,102],{"start":178,"end":179},"1939-11","1945-05","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-cruel-sea-1953.webp","A merchant officer recalled to the Royal Navy takes command of a small corvette and, with a crew of raw volunteers, spends the whole war escorting convoys through the storms and U-boats of the Atlantic.",[183,189,193],{"place":184,"name":185,"coordinates":186,"date":178,"kind":114},"liverpool","Liverpool",[187,188],-2.9917,53.4072,{"place":4,"name":116,"coordinates":190,"date":51,"kind":52,"primary":20},[191,192],-25,55,{"place":155,"name":156,"coordinates":194,"date":195,"kind":52},[158,159],"1944",[197],{"place":4,"name":116,"coordinates":198,"date":51,"kind":52,"primary":20,"story":199,"history":200},[191,192],"Crossing after crossing, Compass Rose watches the ships she guards burn and sink, and Ericson must make choices no training prepared him for.","After the fall of France U-boats could reach the whole Atlantic from French ports, and 1941 and 1942 saw the heaviest convoy losses.",{"id":202,"kind":96,"title":203,"year":204,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":205,"tags":206,"period":208,"poster":211,"synopsis":212,"stops":213,"here":236},"sink-the-bismarck-1960","Sink the Bismarck!",1960,[24],[101,102,207],"true-story",{"start":209,"end":210},"1939-02","1941-05","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fsink-the-bismarck-1960.webp","In May 1941 Germany's most powerful battleship breaks out into the Atlantic, and from an underground war room in London a cold, grieving naval officer directs the hunt across the ocean.",[214,220,225,231],{"place":215,"name":216,"coordinates":217,"date":209,"kind":41},"hamburg","Blohm & Voss shipyard, Hamburg",[218,219],10,53.55,{"place":43,"name":221,"coordinates":222,"date":210,"kind":114,"primary":20},"Admiralty war room, London",[223,224],-0.128,51.506,{"place":226,"name":227,"coordinates":228,"date":210,"kind":52},"denmark-strait","Denmark Strait",[229,230],-31.8333,63.3333,{"place":4,"name":232,"coordinates":233,"date":210,"kind":60},"Atlantic west of Brest",[234,235],-16.2,48.1667,[237],{"place":4,"name":232,"coordinates":238,"date":210,"kind":60,"story":239,"history":240},[234,235],"Crippled by a torpedo hit, Bismarck steams in circles as the Home Fleet closes in for the final battle.","Bismarck sank on 27 May 1941 about 300 nautical miles west of Brest, where her wreck was found in 1989.",{"id":242,"kind":96,"title":243,"year":244,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":245,"tags":246,"period":248,"poster":251,"synopsis":252,"stops":253,"here":257},"u-571-2000","U-571",2000,[24],[101,102,247],"espionage",{"start":249,"end":250},"1942-04","1942-05","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fu-571-2000.webp","An American submarine disguised as a German supply boat is sent to seize an Enigma machine from a crippled U-boat in the North Atlantic, and the boarding party ends up stranded aboard the enemy sub.",[254],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":255,"date":250,"kind":52,"primary":20},[7,256],48,[258],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":259,"date":250,"kind":52,"primary":20,"story":260,"history":261},[7,256],"In a storm, the disguised S-33 reaches the damaged U-571, and after the boarding the survivors must sail a German submarine they barely understand.","In the spring of 1942 U-boats sank ships across the whole Atlantic while Bletchley Park was blind to their new four-rotor Enigma.",{"id":263,"kind":96,"title":264,"year":265,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":266,"tags":267,"period":268,"poster":270,"synopsis":271,"stops":272,"here":283},"enigma-2001","Enigma",2001,[24,22],[247],{"start":269,"end":269},"1943-03","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fenigma-2001.webp","In March 1943 a brilliant codebreaker returns to Bletchley Park after a breakdown to find that the U-boats have changed their cipher and the woman he loved has vanished.",[273,279],{"place":274,"name":275,"coordinates":276,"date":269,"kind":114,"primary":20},"bletchley-park","Bletchley Park",[277,278],-0.7411,51.9981,{"place":4,"name":280,"coordinates":281,"date":269,"kind":52},"North Atlantic convoy route",[282,8],-35,[284],{"place":4,"name":280,"coordinates":285,"date":269,"kind":52,"story":286,"history":287},[282,8],"Far out at sea, a convoy of dozens of ships from America steams toward a wolfpack that nobody can locate.","In March 1943 convoys HX 229 and SC 122 lost 22 merchant ships in the largest convoy battle of the war.",{"id":289,"kind":15,"title":97,"year":290,"endYear":291,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":292,"tags":293,"period":295,"poster":298,"synopsis":299,"stops":300,"here":336},"das-boot-2018",2018,2023,[24,22,25],[101,294,247],"resistance",{"start":296,"end":297},"1942-10","1943-09","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fdas-boot-2018.webp","A year after the original film, a young U-boat commander sails from La Rochelle on a mission that splits his crew, while a German translator in the port is drawn into the French Resistance; the war then follows them from New York to Lisbon, Kiel and Naples.",[301,306,308,315,321,327,330],{"place":109,"name":302,"coordinates":303,"date":296,"kind":114,"primary":20},"La Rochelle and La Pallice",[304,305],-1.2278,46.1583,{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":307,"date":67,"kind":52},[7,153],{"place":309,"name":310,"coordinates":311,"date":314,"kind":41},"new-york","New York",[312,313],-74.0061,40.7128,"1943",{"place":316,"name":317,"coordinates":318,"date":314,"kind":114},"kiel","Kiel",[319,320],10.1394,54.3233,{"place":322,"name":323,"coordinates":324,"date":314,"kind":41},"lisbon","Lisbon",[325,326],-9.139,38.708,{"place":128,"name":129,"coordinates":328,"date":329,"kind":52},[131,132],"1943-08",{"place":331,"name":332,"coordinates":333,"date":297,"kind":41},"naples","Naples",[334,335],14.2486,40.8358,[337],{"place":4,"name":5,"coordinates":338,"date":67,"kind":52,"story":339,"history":340},[7,153],"On his first patrol, Captain Hoffmann receives secret orders that turn his officers against him.","In late 1942 wolfpacks still sank dozens of ships a month in the Atlantic, but new escorts and radar were closing in.",{"id":342,"kind":96,"title":343,"year":344,"era":19,"gold":142,"theaters":345,"tags":346,"period":347,"poster":349,"synopsis":350,"stops":351,"here":360},"greyhound-2020","Greyhound",2020,[24],[101,102],{"start":348,"end":348},"1942-02","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fgreyhound-2020.webp","On his first wartime command, a US Navy commander leads four escorts guarding a 37-ship convoy through the mid-Atlantic gap, where no aircraft can reach them and a U-boat wolfpack is waiting.",[352,355],{"place":4,"name":353,"coordinates":354,"date":348,"kind":52,"primary":20},"Mid-Atlantic gap ('Black Pit')",[282,8],{"place":356,"name":357,"coordinates":358,"date":348,"kind":52},"western-approaches","Western Approaches",[359,192],-18,[361],{"place":4,"name":353,"coordinates":362,"date":348,"kind":52,"primary":20,"story":363,"history":364},[282,8],"For days without air cover, Greyhound hunts U-boats by sonar, rescues survivors and rations its last depth charges while the wolfpack strikes at night.","The mid-Atlantic air gap south of Greenland was where convoys were most exposed until very long range aircraft closed it in 1943.",[],[367,371,379,382,387,394],{"id":184,"name":185,"coordinates":368,"count":369,"poster":370},[187,188],2,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fland-and-freedom-1995.webp",{"id":372,"name":373,"coordinates":374,"count":377,"poster":378},"oxford","Oxford",[375,376],-1.2578,51.7519,3,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fhells-angels-1930.webp",{"id":274,"name":275,"coordinates":380,"count":369,"poster":381},[277,278],"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-imitation-game-2014.webp",{"id":43,"name":44,"coordinates":383,"count":385,"poster":386},[384,47],-0.1275,25,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-kings-speech-2010.webp",{"id":388,"name":389,"coordinates":390,"count":377,"poster":393},"omaha-beach","Omaha Beach",[391,392],-0.8686,49.3689,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-longest-day-1962.webp",{"id":395,"name":396,"coordinates":397,"count":369,"poster":400},"english-channel","English Channel",[398,399],1.8,51.2,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fdunkirk-2017.webp",1791831607266]