[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":171},["ShallowReactive",2],{"place-en-nanking":3},{"id":4,"name":5,"coordinates":6,"count":9,"poster":10,"description":11,"titles":12,"events":116,"nearby":125},"nanking","Nanking",[7,8],118.7767,32.015,3,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fcity-of-life-and-death-2009.webp","China's Nationalist capital fell to the Japanese army on 13 December 1937. Over the following six weeks Japanese troops massacred prisoners and civilians and committed mass rape; estimates of the dead range from tens of thousands to more than 200,000. A small group of Westerners led by the German businessman John Rabe set up the Nanking Safety Zone, which sheltered some 200,000 refugees.",[13,60,96],{"id":14,"kind":15,"title":16,"year":17,"era":18,"gold":19,"theaters":20,"tags":22,"period":24,"poster":10,"synopsis":27,"stops":28,"here":47},"city-of-life-and-death-2009","film","City of Life and Death",2009,"ww2",false,[21],"asia",[23],"combat",{"start":25,"end":26},"1937-12","1938-02","Shot in black and white, the fall of Nanking and the weeks that follow, seen through a Chinese officer, the staff of the Safety Zone and a young Japanese soldier who watches it all.",[29,34,40],{"place":4,"name":30,"coordinates":31,"date":32,"kind":33},"Nanking city walls",[7,8],"1937-12-13","battle",{"place":4,"name":35,"coordinates":36,"date":25,"kind":39},"Yangtze riverbank, Xiaguan",[37,38],118.7346,32.0899,"city",{"place":4,"name":41,"coordinates":42,"date":45,"kind":39,"primary":46},"Nanking Safety Zone",[43,44],118.775,32.0561,"1938-01",true,[48,52,56],{"place":4,"name":30,"coordinates":49,"date":32,"kind":33,"story":50,"history":51},[7,8],"Lieutenant Lu tries to stop deserters at the gates, then fights on in the ruined streets until his men are forced to surrender.","Japanese troops broke through the southern gates on 12 and 13 December 1937 as the Chinese defence collapsed.",{"place":4,"name":35,"coordinates":53,"date":25,"kind":39,"story":54,"history":55},[37,38],"Chinese prisoners are marched out in columns to be executed; a soldier and a young boy survive and flee.","Some of the largest mass executions of prisoners took place on the riverbank outside the city's northern gates.",{"place":4,"name":41,"coordinates":57,"date":45,"kind":39,"primary":46,"story":58,"history":59},[43,44],"Inside the zone, Rabe's secretary and a teacher try to protect the refugees as soldiers break in and demand women.","The zone, which included the University of Nanking and Ginling College, was never recognised by the Japanese army.",{"id":61,"kind":15,"title":62,"year":17,"era":18,"gold":19,"theaters":63,"tags":64,"period":67,"poster":68,"synopsis":69,"stops":70,"here":83},"john-rabe-2009","John Rabe",[21],[65,66],"biography","true-story",{"start":25,"end":26},"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fjohn-rabe-2009.webp","The German head of Siemens in Nanking, a member of the Nazi Party, uses his standing with the Japanese to lead a safety zone that shelters hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians.",[71,77,79],{"place":4,"name":72,"coordinates":73,"date":25,"kind":76,"primary":46},"John Rabe's house and the Siemens compound",[74,75],118.7782,32.0526,"home",{"place":4,"name":41,"coordinates":78,"date":45,"kind":39},[43,44],{"place":4,"name":80,"coordinates":81,"date":26,"kind":82},"Xiaguan riverfront",[37,38],"journey",[84,88,92],{"place":4,"name":72,"coordinates":85,"date":25,"kind":76,"primary":46,"story":86,"history":87},[74,75],"When Japanese planes bomb the city during his farewell party, Rabe opens his gates and hides the crowd under a giant Nazi flag.","Rabe sheltered around 600 refugees in his house and garden, which is now a memorial museum.",{"place":4,"name":41,"coordinates":89,"date":45,"kind":39,"story":90,"history":91},[43,44],"The committee struggles to feed and protect far more refugees than planned while the atrocities continue outside the zone.","The zone covered about 3.9 square kilometres in the west of the city and held some 250,000 people.",{"place":4,"name":80,"coordinates":93,"date":26,"kind":82,"story":94,"history":95},[37,38],"Recalled by Siemens, Rabe walks through the ruins to the river as the refugees he protected come out to thank him.","Rabe left Nanjing by ship on 23 February 1938 and returned to Germany.",{"id":97,"kind":15,"title":98,"year":99,"era":18,"gold":19,"theaters":100,"tags":101,"period":102,"poster":103,"synopsis":104,"stops":105,"here":111},"the-flowers-of-war-2011","The Flowers of War",2011,[21],[23],{"start":25,"end":25},"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-flowers-of-war-2011.webp","As Nanking falls, an American mortician, a group of convent schoolgirls and courtesans from a nearby brothel take shelter in the same Catholic church and must decide who can be saved.",[106],{"place":4,"name":107,"coordinates":108,"date":25,"kind":39,"primary":46},"Catholic church in occupied Nanking",[109,110],118.7789,32.0608,[112],{"place":4,"name":107,"coordinates":113,"date":25,"kind":39,"primary":46,"story":114,"history":115},[109,110],"While Chinese soldiers make a last stand in the streets, John poses as a priest to protect the girls hiding behind the church walls.","Western churches, schools and missions inside the Safety Zone sheltered refugees, though Japanese soldiers repeatedly broke in.",[117],{"id":118,"date":32,"era":18,"category":119,"title":120,"summary":121,"coordinates":122,"place":123,"wikipedia":124},"nanjing-massacre","war","Nanjing Massacre","After capturing China's capital, Nanjing, Japanese troops murdered civilians and prisoners of war and committed mass rape over about six weeks. It remains one of the worst atrocities of the war and a lasting wound in relations between China and Japan.",[109,110],"Nanjing, China","https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FNanjing_Massacre",[126,133,141,148,155,163],{"id":127,"name":128,"coordinates":129,"count":9,"poster":132},"shanghai","Shanghai",[130,131],121.4663,31.2422,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-eight-hundred-2020.webp",{"id":134,"name":135,"coordinates":136,"count":139,"poster":140},"zhejiang","Zhejiang",[137,138],118.8763,28.9545,2,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fmidway-2019.webp",{"id":142,"name":143,"coordinates":144,"count":139,"poster":147},"okinawa","Okinawa",[145,146],127.7323,26.2466,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fhacksaw-ridge-2016.webp",{"id":149,"name":150,"coordinates":151,"count":9,"poster":154},"hiroshima","Hiroshima",[152,153],132.4519,34.3914,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-world-at-war-1973.webp",{"id":156,"name":157,"coordinates":158,"count":161,"poster":162},"tokyo","Tokyo",[159,160],139.7623,35.7134,5,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-wind-rises-2013.webp",{"id":164,"name":165,"coordinates":166,"count":169,"poster":170},"iwo-jima","Iwo Jima",[167,168],141.3,24.76,4,"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fthe-pacific-2010.webp",1791831607511]