[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":316},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fcjd2azfogj70":3},{"id":4,"kind":5,"title":6,"year":7,"era":8,"gold":9,"theaters":10,"tags":12,"period":15,"poster":18,"synopsis":19,"originalTitle":20,"goldReason":21,"directors":22,"countries":24,"languages":26,"history":29,"journey":32,"ids":50,"links":55,"related":57,"placePages":315},"rome-open-city-1945","film","Rome, Open City",1945,"ww2",true,[11],"mediterranean",[13,14],"resistance","true-story",{"start":16,"end":17},"1944-03","1944-04","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Frome-open-city-1945.webp","In German-occupied Rome, a Resistance leader on the run turns to a widow about to marry, her fiancé and a parish priest, while the Gestapo tightens its net around the working-class neighbourhood that hides him.","Roma città aperta","Shared the Grand Prix at the first Cannes Film Festival in 1946 and is regarded as the founding work of Italian neorealism.",[23],"Roberto Rossellini",[25],"IT",[27,28],"it","de",[30,31],"German troops occupied Rome after Italy's armistice in September 1943 and held it for nine months, despite the city having been declared open, or undefended, on 14 August 1943. The SS ran a prison and interrogation centre in Via Tasso, Jews were rounded up on 16 October 1943, and after a partisan bombing in Via Rasella the Germans shot 335 hostages at the Ardeatine Caves on 24 March 1944. Allied troops entered Rome on 4 June 1944.","Rossellini began shooting only months after liberation, with little film stock and many non-professional actors. Pina's death recalls Teresa Gullace, shot by a German soldier on 3 March 1944, and Don Pietro combines two real priests: Giuseppe Morosini, executed at Forte Bravetta on 3 April 1944, and Pietro Pappagallo, killed at the Ardeatine Caves.",[33,42],{"place":34,"name":35,"coordinates":36,"date":16,"kind":39,"primary":9,"story":40,"history":41},"rome","Prenestino district, Rome",[37,38],12.5381,41.8852,"city","In a crowded working-class block, Manfredi hides with Pina and Francesco while the SS raid the building and round up the men.","SS and fascist police carried out mass round-ups of men in Rome's eastern working-class districts in early 1944.",{"place":34,"name":43,"coordinates":44,"date":16,"kind":47,"story":48,"history":49},"Gestapo headquarters, Rome",[45,46],12.4828,41.8931,"camp","Betrayed, Manfredi and Don Pietro are brought before Major Bergmann, who tries to break them before morning.","Hundreds of partisans passed through the SS prison in Via Tasso, today the Museum of the Liberation of Rome.",{"tmdb":51,"tmdbType":52,"imdb":53,"wikidata":54},307,"movie","tt0038890","Q721146",{"wikipedia":56,"wikipediaEn":56},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FRome%2C_Open_City",[58,95,108,137,162,202,241,259],{"id":59,"kind":60,"title":61,"year":62,"endYear":62,"era":8,"gold":63,"theaters":64,"tags":65,"period":68,"poster":70,"synopsis":71,"stops":72},"catch-22-2019","series","Catch-22",2019,false,[11],[66,67],"air","comedy",{"start":69,"end":69},"1944","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fcatch-22-2019.webp","A six-part retelling of Joseph Heller's novel follows bombardier Yossarian from training to an island air base, where every attempt to stop flying runs into the same absurd rule.",[73,80,86,92],{"place":74,"name":75,"coordinates":76,"date":69,"kind":79,"primary":9},"pianosa","Pianosa, Tuscan Archipelago",[77,78],10.0833,42.5833,"base",{"place":81,"name":82,"coordinates":83,"date":69,"kind":39},"palermo","Palermo, Sicily",[84,85],13.3613,38.1157,{"place":87,"name":88,"coordinates":89,"date":69,"kind":39},"malta","Valletta, Malta",[90,91],14.5125,35.8978,{"place":34,"name":93,"coordinates":94,"date":69,"kind":39},"Rome",[45,46],{"id":96,"kind":5,"title":61,"year":97,"era":8,"gold":63,"theaters":98,"tags":99,"period":100,"poster":101,"synopsis":102,"stops":103},"catch-22-1970",1970,[11],[66,67],{"start":69,"end":69},"\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fcatch-22-1970.webp","Bombardier Yossarian wants only to survive the war, but every time he nears the required number of missions his colonel raises it, and the rule called Catch-22 makes sure no sane man can ever be grounded.",[104,106],{"place":74,"name":75,"coordinates":105,"date":69,"kind":79,"primary":9},[77,78],{"place":34,"name":93,"coordinates":107,"date":69,"kind":39},[45,46],{"id":109,"kind":5,"title":110,"year":111,"era":8,"gold":63,"theaters":112,"tags":113,"period":115,"poster":118,"synopsis":119,"stops":120},"anzio-1968","Anzio",1968,[11],[114],"combat",{"start":116,"end":117},"1944-01","1944-06","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fanzio-1968.webp","A war correspondent lands with the Allies behind the German lines south of Rome, finds the road to the capital open, and watches a cautious command waste the chance while a band of Rangers fights its way back from disaster.",[121,128,135],{"place":122,"name":123,"coordinates":124,"date":116,"kind":127,"primary":9},"anzio","Anzio beachhead",[125,126],12.6283,41.4472,"landing",{"place":129,"name":130,"coordinates":131,"date":116,"kind":134},"cisterna","Cisterna, south of Rome",[132,133],12.8306,41.5889,"battle",{"place":34,"name":93,"coordinates":136,"date":117,"kind":39},[45,46],{"id":138,"kind":5,"title":139,"year":140,"era":8,"gold":63,"theaters":141,"tags":142,"period":144,"poster":146,"synopsis":147,"stops":148},"two-women-1960","Two Women",1960,[11],[143],"home-front",{"start":145,"end":117},"1943-07","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Ftwo-women-1960.webp","To escape the bombing of Rome, widowed shopkeeper Cesira takes her twelve-year-old daughter back to her native mountains of Ciociaria, where they wait out the war among refugees, Germans and approaching Allied armies.",[149,155],{"place":34,"name":150,"coordinates":151,"date":145,"kind":154},"San Lorenzo, Rome",[152,153],12.5157,41.8971,"home",{"place":156,"name":157,"coordinates":158,"date":161,"kind":154,"primary":9},"fondi","Mountains above Fondi, Ciociaria",[159,160],13.4167,41.35,"1944-05",{"id":163,"kind":5,"title":164,"year":165,"era":8,"gold":63,"theaters":166,"tags":167,"period":168,"poster":170,"synopsis":171,"stops":172},"paisan-1946","Paisan",1946,[11],[114,13],{"start":145,"end":169},"1944-12","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fpaisan-1946.webp","Six episodes follow the Allied advance up Italy, from Sicily to the Po delta, through brief encounters between American soldiers and Italians who often cannot understand each other's language.",[173,179,186,188,195],{"place":174,"name":175,"coordinates":176,"date":145,"kind":127},"sicily","South coast of Sicily",[177,178],14.25,37.0667,{"place":180,"name":181,"coordinates":182,"date":185,"kind":39},"naples","Naples",[183,184],14.2486,40.8358,"1943-10",{"place":34,"name":93,"coordinates":187,"date":117,"kind":39},[45,46],{"place":189,"name":190,"coordinates":191,"date":194,"kind":134,"primary":9},"florence","Florence, Ponte Vecchio",[192,193],11.2532,43.768,"1944-08",{"place":196,"name":197,"coordinates":198,"date":169,"kind":201},"po-delta","Po delta, near Porto Tolle",[199,200],12.3167,44.95,"front",{"id":203,"kind":5,"title":204,"year":205,"era":206,"gold":63,"theaters":207,"tags":208,"period":210,"poster":213,"synopsis":214,"stops":215},"lion-of-the-desert-1981","Lion of the Desert",1981,"interwar",[11],[13,114,209,14],"biography",{"start":211,"end":212},"1929","1931-09","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Flion-of-the-desert-1981.webp","An elderly Quran teacher leads Bedouin horsemen against Mussolini's tanks and aircraft, while a ruthless general is sent to end twenty years of Libyan resistance.",[216,221,228,235],{"place":34,"name":217,"coordinates":218,"date":211,"kind":39},"Palazzo Venezia, Rome",[219,220],12.4815,41.8962,{"place":222,"name":223,"coordinates":224,"date":227,"kind":79},"benghazi","Benghazi",[225,226],20.0667,32.1167,"1930",{"place":229,"name":230,"coordinates":231,"date":234,"kind":201,"primary":9},"jebel-akhdar","Jebel Akhdar",[232,233],21.4728,32.5977,"1930-06",{"place":236,"name":237,"coordinates":238,"date":212,"kind":47},"suluq","Suluq",[239,240],20.2503,31.6686,{"id":242,"kind":5,"title":243,"year":244,"era":206,"gold":63,"theaters":245,"tags":246,"period":249,"poster":251,"synopsis":252,"stops":253},"a-special-day-1977","A Special Day",1977,[11],[247,143,248],"politics","romance",{"start":250,"end":250},"1938-05","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fa-special-day-1977.webp","On the day Hitler parades through Rome, an exhausted housewife and the lonely neighbour across the courtyard are left alone in their empty apartment block.",[254],{"place":34,"name":255,"coordinates":256,"date":250,"kind":154,"primary":9},"Palazzo Federici, Rome",[257,258],12.5205,41.9193,{"id":260,"kind":5,"title":261,"year":97,"era":8,"gold":9,"theaters":262,"tags":264,"period":265,"poster":268,"synopsis":269,"stops":270},"patton-1970","Patton",[11,263],"western-europe",[114,209,14],{"start":266,"end":267},"1943-03","1945-10","\u002Fimg\u002Fposters\u002Fpatton-1970.webp","General George S. Patton takes over a beaten American corps in Tunisia and drives his men from the North African desert to Sicily, Normandy and the Ardennes, while his temper keeps threatening the career he believes he was born for.",[271,277,283,287,289,296,302,308],{"place":272,"name":273,"coordinates":274,"date":266,"kind":134},"kasserine-pass","Kasserine Pass, Tunisia",[275,276],8.7424,35.2596,{"place":278,"name":279,"coordinates":280,"date":266,"kind":134,"primary":9},"el-guettar","El Guettar, Tunisia",[281,282],8.9481,34.3367,{"place":284,"name":285,"coordinates":286,"date":145,"kind":127},"gela","Gela, Sicily",[177,178],{"place":81,"name":82,"coordinates":288,"date":145,"kind":39},[84,85],{"place":290,"name":291,"coordinates":292,"date":295,"kind":39},"messina","Messina, Sicily",[293,294],15.5542,38.1936,"1943-08",{"place":297,"name":298,"coordinates":299,"date":17,"kind":79},"knutsford","Knutsford, England",[300,301],-2.3708,53.3025,{"place":303,"name":304,"coordinates":305,"date":169,"kind":134},"bastogne","Bastogne, Belgium",[306,307],5.72,50.0042,{"place":309,"name":310,"coordinates":311,"date":314,"kind":79},"bad-tolz","Bad Tölz, Bavaria",[312,313],11.5567,47.7603,"1945-09",[34],1791831605272]